iGEM High School Competition — Why Synthetic Biology Super-charges IP Mathematics & Physics Skills
Download printable cheat-sheet (CC-BY 4.0)05 Aug 2025, 00:00 Z
TL;DR
The International Genetically Engineered Machine (iGEM) High School Competition invites 60-plus teams each year to design, build and test new biological systems in only eight months. Success hinges on the very maths (binomial proofs, differential equations) and physics (diffusion, spectrophotometry) that Integrated-Programme students already learn — now weaponised to model gene circuits and bioreactors.
1 What exactly is “iGEM HS”?
- Origins — iGEM began at MIT in 2003 as an undergraduate January course and spun out as a non-profit in 2012; the High School league was officially carved out in 2015.
- Scale — The 2024 cycle fielded 62 high-school teams from 16 countries, up from 9 teams in its inaugural year.
- Deliverables
- Wet-lab work (BioBricks, CRISPR, cell-free systems)
- Mathematical modelling (ODEs, stochastic simulations)
- Wiki + video + live Jamboree presentation
- Human practices (ethics, outreach)
Gold, Silver and Bronze medals are awarded, and a Grand Prize (the infamous “BioBrick trophy”).
2 Competition timeline
| Month | Milestone | IP student action |
| Jan | Registration opens; teams book Distribution Kit | Review algebra & Python for modelling |
| Mar | Safety form Part A due | Draft risk-assessment like those in JC practicals |
| Jun | Mid-season evaluation | Fit logistic model \[ |
| \frac{\text{d}N}{\text{d}t} = rN \Bigl(1 - \frac{N}{K} \Bigr) | ||
| \] to growth data | ||
| Aug | Wiki freeze & judging form | Convert all graphs to \(\pu{600\ dpi}\) SVG |
| Oct | Grand Jamboree (Boston) | Present 10-min talk + poster |
Date references pulled from the official 2025 HS calendar.
3 How IP Mathematics powers iGEM modelling
| IP topic | Typical WA equation | iGEM use-case |
| Binomial theorem | \((1+x)^n\) | PCR serial-dilution error bounds |
| Differential equations | \(\frac{\text{d}P}{\text{d}t}=kP\) | Promoter activity vs time |
| Statistics & \(\chi^2\) test | \(\chi^2 = \sum\frac{(O-E)^2}{E}\) | Model-data goodness-of-fit |
The 2023 overall HS winner, Team TAS Taipei, used a three-equation ODE set to optimise toxin-degrading E. coli — the judges cited “exceptional quantitative rigor”.
4 How IP Physics sneaks in
- Optics — Teams quantify GFP using Beer-Lambert law \(A=\varepsilon c l\), the same linear-fit you practise in Year 4 titration labs.
- Thermodynamics — Cell-free protein expression hinges on Arrhenius-style rate constants; Arrhenius plots are identical to JC2 kinetics graphs.
- Fluid dynamics — Mini-bioreactors map to circular-motion + Bernoulli energy arguments that appear in IP oscillations and fields topics.
5 Success stories that began in high school
| Year | Team | Highlight |
| 2017 | UCSF-Lincoln HS (USA) | Designed a synthetic “synthesome” organelle — Wired magazine called it “graduate-level work” |
| 2019 | NCKU Tainan HS (Taiwan) | Built quorum-sensing E. coli to detect dengue larvae; prototype won local government funding. |
| 2022 | GGUSD eXcel (USA) | Created a plastic-waste PETase-expression system; patent filed February 2024. |
6 Costs, scholarships & travel
- Registration fee — USD \(3,900\) per team (2025 rate).
- Lab budget — Most HS teams report \(USD\,7-15,k\) including reagents and sequencing.
- Travel — Boston airfare + hotel ≈ SGD 2 800 per student (group booking).
- Funding hacks — Local biotech incubators (e.g. A*STAR's SBIC) and polytechnic fab-labs often sponsor consumables in exchange for outreach demos.
7 Why parents of IP maths/physics students should care
- Portfolio boost — iGEM medals weigh heavily in NUS, Oxford and MIT engineering admissions essays.
- Bridges classroom theory — The same LINEST gradient-±-SE that SEAB now requires in Paper 4 practicals is mandatory for iGEM modelling deliverables.
- Soft-skills multiplier — Weekly scrum meetings sharpen the concise-whiteboard-explanation skill that A-Level long questions award.
8 Getting started from Singapore
- School-based teams — Hwa Chong, RI and NUS High have established iGEM HS chapters; recruitment usually opens right after Sec 3 streaming.
- Community labs — DIY-BioSG at Science Park rents BSL-1 benches for SGD 15/hour.
- Online prep
- Read Principles of Synthetic Biology (MITx 7.00x) free on edX.
- Practise modelling with the Tellurium Python package — identical to what past Gold teams used.
9 Call-to-action
Parents: Book a 60-min Math-Physics-for-iGEM clinic this September holiday — we cover logistic-growth ODEs, Beer-Lambert calibration and \(\pm\) uncertainty propagation in one hands-on session.
Students: Download the latest iGEM Parts Registry XML, simulate a three-gene toggle switch in \(<15 \space \text{s}\) on your laptop, and show your physics teacher the phase-plane tonight.
