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IP AMaths Notes (Upper Sec, Year 3-4): 18) Partial Fractions

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Decompose rational expressions with distinct, repeated, and irreducible quadratic factors in IP AMaths.

Last updated 30 Nov 2025

Marcus Pang
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Marcus Pang·Managing Director (Maths)

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  1. Start Here
  2. 1 Templates
  3. 2 Worked example - Distinct factors
  4. 3 Worked example - Repeated factor
Q: What does IP AMaths Notes (Upper Sec, Year 3-4): 18) Partial Fractions cover?
A: Decompose rational expressions with distinct, repeated, and irreducible quadratic factors in IP AMaths.

Partial fractions simplify rational functions for integration and algebraic manipulation.

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These decomposition templates reflect the SEAB GCE O-Level Additional Mathematics (4049) syllabus for partial fractions (distinct/repeated linear factors and irreducible quadratics).

Status: SEAB O-Level Additional Mathematics 4049 syllabus (exams from 2025) checked 2025-11-30 - scope unchanged; remains the reference for this note.

Start Here

Read timeWhat to take away
1 secondPartial fractions split one rational expression into simpler pieces.
10 secondsFactor the denominator first, choose the correct template, then solve for constants by substitution or coefficient comparison.
100 secondsExample: if the denominator is (x + 4)(x - 1), write A/(x + 4) + B/(x - 1), multiply through, then use x = -4 and x = 1.

1 Templates

  • Distinct linear factors: P(x)(xa)(xb)=Axa+Bxb \dfrac{P(x)}{(x - a)(x - b)} = \dfrac{A}{x - a} + \dfrac{B}{x - b}

Sources

  1. SEAB GCE O-Level Additional Mathematics (4049) syllabus (examinations from 2025)