IP Combined Science Notes (Lower Sec, Year 1-2): 06) Transport Systems in Humans & Plants

Q: What does IP Combined Science Notes (Lower Sec, Year 1-2): 06) Transport Systems in Humans & Plants cover?
A: Track nutrient and gas transport in humans and plants, including circulation, transpiration, and phloem flow calculations.

Transport systems move substances efficiently over distances too large for diffusion alone. Understand structure-function relationships to explain oxygen delivery, sugar transport, and water movement.

Learning targets

• Describe the structure of the human circulatory system and pathway of blood flow.
• Use cardiac output formulas to solve numerical problems and compare fitness levels.
• Explain the roles of xylem and phloem, including adaptations for their functions.
• Analyse factors affecting transpiration rate and interpret potometer data.

1. Human circulatory system

Key components: heart (four chambers), blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries), and blood.

Blood pathway (systemic circuit)

$$\text{Left ventricle} \rightarrow \text{Aorta} \rightarrow \text{Body} \rightarrow \text{Vena cava} \rightarrow \text{Right atrium}.$$