IP Combined Science Notes (Lower Sec, Year 1-2): 10) Electricity & Magnetism Essentials

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15 Dec 2025, 00:00 Z

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Q: What does IP Combined Science Notes (Lower Sec, Year 1-2): 10) Electricity & Magnetism Essentials cover?
A: Analyse current, voltage, and resistance in circuits, and relate magnetic fields to practical applications.

Electrical and magnetic phenomena underpin everything from school lab circuits to train systems. Treat circuit diagrams and field lines with the same rigour as algebraic manipulation.

These notes align with MOE's Lower Secondary Science syllabus themes commonly taught in IP Sec 1–2, and act as a bridge into upper-secondary Physics, Chemistry, and Biology.

Status: MOE Lower Secondary Science syllabus (current release) checked 2025-11-30 - scope unchanged; remains the reference for these combined science notes.

Learning targets

State charge conventions and apply Ohm's law $V = IR$ .
Compare series and parallel circuits in terms of current, voltage, and resistance.
Calculate electrical power and energy consumption using $P = VI$ and $E = Pt$

Quantity	Definition	Unit
Current $(I)$	Rate of flow of charge, $I = \frac{Q}{t}$ .	$\pu{A}$
Voltage $(V)$	Energy transferred per unit charge.	$\pu{V}$
Resistance $(R)$	Opposition to current flow, $R = \frac{V}{I}$ .	$\pu{\Omega}$

Property	Series	Parallel
Current	Same through each component.	Splits; sum of branch currents equals total.
Voltage	Sum of component voltages equals supply.	Voltage across each branch equals supply.
Resistance	Add component resistances in a single loop.	Sum reciprocals of branch resistances, then invert.

IP Combined Science Notes (Lower Sec, Year 1-2): 10) Electricity & Magnetism Essentials

Learning targets

1. Current, voltage, and resistance

Worked example - Ohm's law

2. Series vs parallel

Worked example - Parallel combination

3. Electrical power & safety

Worked example - Energy cost

4. Magnetism & electromagnetism

Applications

Try it yourself

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