IP Combined Science Notes (Lower Sec, Year 1-2): 09) Waves, Light & Sound
14 Dec 2025, 00:00 Z· Last updated 30 Nov 2025
Practical course certificate note
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Q: What does IP Combined Science Notes (Lower Sec, Year 1-2): 09) Waves, Light & Sound cover?
A: Use wave speed equations, draw ray diagrams, and interpret sound investigations covering frequency and amplitude.
Wave behaviour explains ripples on water, colour from prisms, and the pitch of your voice. Work with both qualitative diagrams and quantitative calculations.
These notes align with MOE's Lower Secondary Science syllabus themes commonly taught in IP Sec 1–2, and act as a bridge into upper-secondary Physics, Chemistry, and Biology.
Status: MOE Lower Secondary Science syllabus (current release) checked 2025-11-30 - scope unchanged; remains the reference for these combined science notes.
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Learning targets
- Define transverse and longitudinal waves with particle motion diagrams.
- Apply to calculate wave speed, frequency, or wavelength.
- Draw ray diagrams for reflection, refraction, and dispersion.
- Interpret sound intensity and frequency data, including oscilloscope traces.
1. Wave terminology
| Term | Meaning |
| Amplitude | Maximum displacement from equilibrium. |
