IP Combined Science Notes (Lower Sec, Year 1-2): 07) Forces, Motion & Simple Machines

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12 Dec 2025, 00:00 Z

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Ezekiel Tan·Academic Advisor (Biology)

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Q: What does IP Combined Science Notes (Lower Sec, Year 1-2): 07) Forces, Motion & Simple Machines cover?
A: Resolve forces, calculate speed and acceleration, and evaluate moments plus mechanical advantage.

Physics of everyday motion hinges on clear diagrams and consistent units. Develop habits for vector addition, graph interpretation, and machine efficiency.

These notes align with MOE's Lower Secondary Science syllabus themes commonly taught in IP Sec 1–2, and act as a bridge into upper-secondary Physics, Chemistry, and Biology.

Status: MOE Lower Secondary Science syllabus (current release) checked 2025-11-30 - scope unchanged; remains the reference for these combined science notes.

Learning targets

Differentiate scalar and vector quantities with examples.
Use $\pu{m.s-1}$ and $\pu{m.s-2}$

Quantity	Definition	Formula
Speed (scalar)	Rate of change of distance.	$v = \frac{d}{t}$
Velocity (vector)	Rate of change of displacement.	Includes direction.
Acceleration	Rate of change of velocity.	$a = \frac{\Delta v}{\Delta t}$

IP Combined Science Notes (Lower Sec, Year 1-2): 07) Forces, Motion & Simple Machines

Learning targets

1. Motion basics

Distance-time & velocity-time graphs

Worked example - Velocity-time area

2. Forces & Newton's laws

Worked example - Elevator problem

3. Moments & equilibrium

Worked example - Seesaw balance

4. Simple machines

Pulley example

Try it yourself

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