IP Maths Notes (Lower Sec, Year 1-2): 10) Probability Models
In one line
Construct sample spaces, tree diagrams, and evaluate independent and dependent events with clear notation.
Last updated 30 Nov 2025
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- Start Here
- Learning targets
- 1 Probability basics
- 2 Sample spaces
Q: What does IP Maths Notes (Lower Sec, Year 1-2): 10) Probability Models cover?
A: Construct sample spaces, tree diagrams, and evaluate independent and dependent events with clear notation.
Start Here
| Read time | What to take away |
| 1 second | Probability is favourable outcomes divided by possible outcomes. |
| 10 seconds | Use sample spaces for one-step events, tree diagrams for repeated events, and complements when "at least one" is easier to solve by finding "none". |
| 100 seconds | Follow the counter, class, and dice examples to practise deciding whether replacement happens, multiplying along a path, and adding the allowed paths. |
Probability measures uncertainty. This final post develops sample space construction, event notation, and multi-stage probability models.
These notes align with MOE Lower Secondary Mathematics syllabus used in IP pathways (aligned to O-Level Mathematics 4052 foundations).
Status: MOE Lower Secondary Mathematics syllabus (latest release) checked 2025-11-30 - scope unchanged; remains the reference for these lower-sec notes.
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Learning targets
- Express probabilities as fractions, decimals, or percentages with denominator greater than zero.
- Build sample spaces for single and combined events.
- Draw tree diagrams to track independent and dependent events.
- Apply complementary probability and conditional reasoning.
1 Probability basics
- Probability of event
