IP Biology Notes: Nutrition and Transport in Flowering Plants (Upper Sec 10)
26 Nov 2025, 00:00 Z
Reviewed by
Ezekiel Tan·Academic Advisor (Biology)
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Use this as a free IP Biology notes chapter on nutrition and transport in flowering plants for Year 3 to Year 4. It keeps the IP pacing while reinforcing the 6093 biology foundations most schools test through DBQs, diagrams, and practical explanations.
Status: SEAB O-Level Biology 6093 syllabus (exams from 2026) checked 2025-11-30 - scope unchanged; remains the reference for this note.
What you must know
- Leaf: large surface area, thin, palisade mesophyll packed with chloroplasts, spongy mesophyll with air spaces, stomata for gas exchange, veins with xylem (water) and phloem (food). Xylem inner side, phloem outer in veins.
- Root hair: long extension, thin wall, large surface area, close to soil particles for water/mineral uptake.
- Photosynthesis:
